26^th International Conference on Neurosurgery and Neuroscience June 17-18, 2020 London, UK

Biography:

Xu Ying-hui completed his PhD in 2004 from Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. He is the dean of the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University and vice President of Dalian Medical University. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

To explore the related factors and management principles of postoperative complications of ventricular-peritoneal shunt.

250 patients who underwent ventricular-peritoneal shunt in our hospital were selected and followed up for at least 5 years. The age, gender, history of disease, classification of hydrocephalus, surgical method, type of shunt tube, postoperative complications and other factors were analyzed. Patients with complications were treated and the clinical treatment effect was analyzed.

Complications occurred in patients, including puncture bleeding, obstruction of shunt tube (decomposition, rupture), intracranial infection, subdural effusion or subdural hematoma caused by excessive drainage, and delayed intracranial hematoma. Patients can still get a good prognosis after individualized treatment.

The incidence of postoperative complications of ventricular-peritoneal shunt is not low. Surgery indications should be strictly grasped before surgery. Strict aseptic operation should be performed during the operation. Patients with a previous history of central nervous system infection or craniocerebral surgery should be more cautious. Early skull repair combined with ventricular-peritoneal shunt is positive significance for improving the quality of life of patients undergoing brain surgery. Patients with complications should be treated individually.

Biography:

Prof. Fändrich is acknowledged for his pioneer work on using M2-polarize anti-inflammatory macrophages in allogeneic and autologous settings for tolerance induction in kidney transplantation and age-related diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, respectively. Prof. Fändrich chairs the Dept. of Applied Cellular Medicine which was established in 2008 at the University UKSH, Campus Kiel, with the focus to translate basic acaedemic research in the field of cellular medicine into clinical application.

Abstract:

Lately, there is accumulating evidence evidence for silent inflammation as a major contributor to Alzheimer Disease (AD), associated as one potential underlying pathomechanism. This includes innate immunity, specifically M1-polarised inflammatory macrophages which trespass the blood brain barrier.  Using wild-type and amyloid precursor protein β protein transduced mice we compared the cognitive abilities of four different experimental groups (n=8). 1. Wild type mice (not transduced with APPβ), 2. APPβ+ animals treated with saline, 3. APPβ+ mice treated with radiated (7 gy) REMs (M2-polarized anti-inflammatory macrophages), and 4. APPβ+ mice treated with non-radiated REMs. REMs (radiated and non-radiated) were injected intravenously into APPβ+ animals at the age of 2 months. Cognitive capacity was tested using a water-maze and labyrinth test model, at the age of two months (young mice) and at 6 months (old mice) of age. We found a significant reduced capacity of learning and orientation capacities in all four groups when comparing young and old mice. There was a significant cognitive decline when comparing wild-type animals with APPβ+ animals treated with saline (p<0.01) or radiated REMs (p<0.01). Treatment with non-radiated REMs prevented the development of AD in all 8 animals tested whose cognitive functional scores did not differ significantly from wild-type animals. In a pilot observation n=7 Alzheimer patients were treated with autologous REM´s generated from patient’s monocytes. Based on MMSE (MINI-Mental-State-Examination) n=4 patients had an improvement of the cognitive activity. Our results indicate that the anti-inflammatory properties of regenerative M2-polarized REM macrophages is able to prevent astrocyte and microglial activation in APPβ+ animals and underscores silent inflammatory-based neuronal damage as a major pathomechanism in this animal model. Additionally, first clinical results show that this cellular therapy has a positive effect on the cognitive activity of Alzheimer patients.

Biography:

General Adult Psychiatrist with a special interest in Neuro-Psychiatry at The Oaktree Clinic Midlands. 52 Frederick Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK

Abstract:

Introduction:

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is becoming an increasingly popular treatment for individuals suffering with severe clinical depression. rTMS uses a magnetic field to alter the electrical signals within the brain. The evidence suggests that individuals with depression show a decreased activity within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). High frequency stimulation of this region has shown to significantly reduce depressive symptoms whilst having the benefit of a non-invasive and generally side effect free treatment.  We have conducted an internal audit of rTMS patients experiencing depressive symptoms; collating the overall effect of the treatment.

Conclusion:

Analysis of data included 4 time points which did not meet statistical parametric assumptions. This warranted the use of using Spearman’s rho for looking at correlations between week 1 and week 4. The correlation between week 1 and week 4 was found to be statistically significant. In addition, there was a significant effect found for reductions in BDI scores.

The effects of rTMS displayed significant reductions (>50%) in BDI scores attributed to a decrease in depressive symptoms. The research identified the majority of participants transitioned from severe clinical to mild depressive symptoms. rTMS was found to be most effective in adults aged 20-30, however contrary to previous research, rTMS showed strong efficacy for older age adults. There were no significant relationships found between rTMS with ethnic background, number of previous treatments, or clinical depressive classification; with the treatment being equally effective for both genders.

Biography:

He has a bachelor degree in biochemistry from of El Haj-Lakhdar University, Batna, Algeria in 2006. He moved to university of Constantine-1 between 2006-2009 where he obtained his Master degree in in molecular and cellular toxicology. He got his PhD from the same university.  He joined  college of medicine and health sciences for seven years, UAE University, UAE. He taught as  an adjunct faculty at New York institute of technology. Abu Dhabi. Since 2019 as assistant professor, he joined Life and Environmental Sciences Department. College of Natural and Health Sciences. Abu Dhabi campus. Zayed university. His main research is investigating inflammation at the hippocampus  

Abstract:

Bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX) has been shown to damage the hippocampal neurons. However, the effects of short-term ADX is not studied. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of short-term ADX on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, response of microglia, astrocytes, neuronal cell death and oxidative stress markers (4 h, 24 h, 3 days, 1 week and 2 weeks) in the hippocampus.

Our results showed a transient significant elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 from 4 h to 3 days in the ADX compared to sham. TNF-α levels were significantly elevated at 4 h only in ADX compared to sham.  Time dependent increase in degenerated neurons in the dorsal blade of the dentate gyrus from 3 days to 2 weeks after ADX. Quantitative analysis showed significant increase in the number of microglia (3, 7 and 14 days) and astrocytes (7 and 14 days) of ADX compared to sham. A progression of microglia and astroglia activation all over the dentate gyrus and their appearance for the first time in CA3 of adrenalectomized rats hippocampi compared to sham was seen after 2 weeks. A significant decrease of GSH levels and SOD activity and increase in MDA levels were found after 2 weeks of ADX compared to sham. In order to investigate the effect of adrenalectomy on the behavior of the animals we used a passive avoidance test at 3, 7 and 14 days after adrenalectomy.  Our results showed   a significant reduction in the latency time in the adrenalectomized rats compared to the sham operated rats 3, 7 and 14days after adrenalectomy.

Our study showed an early increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokines followed by neurodegeneration and activation of glial cells as well as oxidative stress. Hence, early inflammatory components might contribute to the initiation of the biological cascade responsible for subsequent neuronal death and behavioral changes.

Biography:

Ä°smail Kaya has completed his medical school at the age of 24 years from Afyon Kocatepe University. Ä°smail Kaya has been neurosurgery  specialist Katip Çelebi Univesity in 2015. He currently works as an academician at the Kütahya University of Health Sciences. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute.    

Abstract:

The present study aimed to compare patients in whom an operation plan was prepared before surgery using the 3D modeling technology with the application of freehand screws using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scan images. The printings and modelings were established in the Innovation Laboratory of Kütahya Health Sciences University. Of 36 patients, 16 underwent surgery with 3D printing (group 1) and 20 with the freehand technique (group 2). The surgeries were performed by the same surgeons. Moreover, 5-mm pedicle screws were located in 92 vertebras in 16 patients in whom 3D modeling was used and in 124 vertebras in 20 patients in whom this modeling technique was not used. No screw invasion was classified under Category D (>4-mm cortical invasion). By contrast, of the 216 cases of screw invasion, 12 (5.5%), 25 (11.57%), and 144 (66.66%) were classified under Categories C, B, and A, respectively. Invasions occurred in all lumbar spine levels other than L5 and were commonly observed in the L1 vertebra level. The use of the improved 3D technology in the neurosurgery field is advantageous for surgeons as it decreases the preoperative preparation phase, length of operation, and risk of complications.

Biography:

Dr Morrison completed his Doctor of Medicine at the University of New South Wales in 2017. He is currently a neurosurgery registrar at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Sydney. In 2019 he was awarded NSW Junior Medical Officer of the Year.

Abstract:

Carotid artery pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication of transsphenoidal surgery, usually diagnosed within 90 days post procedure. Pseudoaneurysm rupture may present with severe epistaxis or carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) with significant morbidity and mortality. We present a case of epistaxis from pseudoaneurysm rupture over a decade after transsphenoidal surgery. The pseudoaneurysm was treated with staged balloon-assisted coiling, endonasal mucosal flap repair and interval flow-diverting stent insertion. This case illustrates that pseudoaneurysms develop and rupture regardless of postoperative time course after transsphenoidal surgery, and the treatment complexities involving combined endovascular and endonasal techniques.

Biography:

Miss A. Taqaddas has speciality in Radiation oncology, Medical Physics and Radiation Protection. She has degrees in two disciplines i.e. Master of Science in Medical Physics and Bachelor of Science ( Hons) Therapeutic Radiography from UK. She passed her radiation Protection Supervisor Exam from UK in 2012. She is the first author of a concise book on Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy. She has presented her research work in international conferences in Australia, USA and Norway. She also acted as programme chair in ICRM 2014 conference in 2014. She has experience of working in Medical Physics and Radiotherapy departments in UK and Germany. She has experience of carrying out photon and proton Radiation treatment planning, delivery and dosimetry. She also acts as an invited Journal Reviewer for JMIRS. Canada.

Abstract:

Cyber knife is an advanced robotic Stereotactic Radiosurgery technology that is used in Radiation oncology to treat brain and body tumours in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to find out how Cyber knife Image guided technology is being used in two cyber knife centres to provide treatment to patients with brain and other cancers. The views of a medical physicist and a Medical radiation therapist with clinical experience of using Cyber knife in two separate institutions based in Australia and USA were captured using an E-questionnaire. This study assessed clinical, technical, organizational and Educational strategies and resources employed to provide Cyber Knife treatment. This study showed current status of the state of the art Cyber knife technology.