Neurosurgery and Neuroscience

Advances in Brain Tumor Biology & Neuro-Oncology Treatments

Advances in brain tumor biology and neuro-oncology treatments are transforming clinical understanding and therapeutic outcomes for both primary and metastatic tumors. Cutting-edge genomic sequencing, molecular profiling, and epigenetic analysis have revealed complex pathways driving tumor initiation, progression, and resistance, enabling stratified treatment approaches tailored to individual tumor signatures. Novel therapeutics including targeted inhibitors, immunotherapies, tumor-treating fields, personalized vaccines, and gene-modified immune cells—are offering unprecedented precision in combating aggressive tumors such as glioblastoma, medulloblastoma, and high-grade astrocytomas. Integration of real-time imaging, intraoperative fluorescence, and stereotactic navigation enhances surgical precision, supporting maximal safe resections while preserving vital neurological functions. Advanced radiotherapy modalities, including proton therapy and adaptive radiotherapy, further refine treatment accuracy. Research into the tumor microenvironment, blood–brain barrier modulation, and resistance mechanisms continues to open new pathways for drug development. Through multidisciplinary collaboration, neuro-oncology is moving toward more adaptive, personalized, and survivorship-focused strategies that improve long-term outcomes and quality of life for patients confronting complex brain tumors.